Comprehensive maintenance and upkeep methods for tractors

The key points of tractor and agricultural machinery maintenance techniques are provided for reference by agricultural machinery operators and farmers.
1, Tractor maintenance and repair
Due to the tractor being placed for a long time, a comprehensive maintenance and upkeep should be carried out before use to ensure the normal operation of the tractor.
(1) Inspection and maintenance of the entire machine
1. Clean the soil, dust, and oil stains from all parts of the tractor, check if the exhaust holes are unobstructed, and clear them if they are blocked.
2. Check if all components are loose, especially the moving parts and easily loose parts that need to be reinforced again. Check if the tire pressure is sufficient and if the tire pressure on both sides is consistent. Check if the tension of the V-belt is appropriate.
3. Check the oil and water levels, add diesel, engine oil, cooling water, brake fluid, and hydraulic oil in a timely manner, and check if they are fully filled and if there are any leaks. Replace the engine oil and gear oil that are suitable for the temperature, clean the oil filter, and replace the oil filter element.
4. Clean the diesel tank filter, clean (or replace) the diesel filter, and maintain the air filter.
5. Whether the battery terminals are clean, the wiring is tight, and the ventilation holes are unobstructed.
6. After starting the engine, run it in the order of low speed (small throttle) to medium speed (middle throttle), and finally to high speed (large throttle) for 5 minutes each. Check for any abnormal phenomena or sounds in the engine, chassis, and other areas, as well as overheating, oil leakage, water leakage, and other phenomena, and promptly eliminate them. Check if the instruments, lights, speakers, wipers, and indicator lights are working properly.
7. Start slowly and check if the tractor is walking smoothly. Gradually operate each gear from low to high, check if the gear switching is smooth, if the brake and transmission are working properly, and if the hydraulic steering of the steering wheel is stable at low, medium, and high engine speeds. If there is any abnormal noise from the transmission and rear axle, repair it in a timely manner.
8. Check if the accompanying tools are complete.

(2) Maintenance and upkeep of the steering mechanism
1. Check the fastening of components such as the ball joint of the tie rod, the steering arm, and the steering base, as well as the locking of the split pin.
2. For mechanical steering tractors, push and pull the steering wheel along the axis of the steering shaft, check the pre tension of the steering shaft, and there should be no obvious clearance or shaking sensation.
3. For mechanical steering tractors, check whether the clearance of the steering wheel is controlled within 15-30mm, and adjust it in a timely manner if it is too large or too small. For hydraulic steering tractors, check if the free steering angle of the steering wheel is controlled to no more than 30 °.
4. When there are damage or cracks in the steering mechanism components, welding repair is not allowed and new parts should be replaced.
5. If there is a stuck direction during driving, stop and troubleshoot before driving.
6. If directional oscillation or deviation is found during driving, do not drive for a long time and promptly send it for repair.
(3) Maintenance and upkeep of the braking system
1. Check for wear on the brake oil pipe and the tightness of the pipe connection, paying special attention to whether the brake oil pipe has collided with rotating parts, housing, frame, etc.
2. Check the brake fluid, and if it is insufficient, add the same type of brake fluid instead of mixing multiple types.
3. Check the free stroke of the brake pedal, maintain a free stroke of 10-15mm, and adjust it promptly if it is too large or too small.
4. Regularly check the connection of the control mechanism, regularly add butter to the pedal shaft, and drip an appropriate amount of lubricating oil to each twisting point. Regularly check and adjust the gap between the brake shoes and brake drums to maintain the specified technical state.
5. Regularly check whether the half shaft oil seal is normal to prevent lubricating oil from entering the brake inside the gearbox, contaminating the brake friction pads, causing brake slippage, brake failure, and accelerating the wear of the friction pair surface.
(4) Maintenance and upkeep of transmission mechanism
1. Check the clutch to prevent oil stains from entering between the main and driven discs, which may cause the clutch to slip.
2. Check the free stroke of the clutch pedal, which is generally 25-35mm. If it does not meet the requirements, it should be adjusted in a timely manner.
3. After each shift, lubricate the clutch pedal shaft with butter, and lubricate the inner and outer bearings with butter every 300 hours of work.
4. Check for oil leakage or seepage at the transmission shaft end oil seal and external joint. If necessary, replace the oil seal, paper pad or sealant, and tighten the screws.
5. When driving the tractor, pay attention to whether the gear shifting is smooth, whether there is any gear shifting phenomenon, and whether there is any abnormal noise from the gearbox. If there is a fault, it should be sent for repair in a timely manner.
6. After driving the tractor for a period of time, the temperature rise of the gearbox should be checked. Generally, if the transmission case can be lightly held down by hand, the temperature is normal. If it cannot be lightly held down, the temperature may be too high, which may be caused by a lack of gear oil or gear oil deterioration. The gear oil should be added or replaced in a timely manner.
7. Check the connection of the flange bolts at both ends of the transmission shaft. If there is any looseness, tighten it in a timely manner and add lubricating grease in a timely manner.
8. After driving the tractor for a period of time, the temperature rise of the rear axle housing should be checked. The method is to lightly press the rear axle housing with your hand as normal, otherwise the temperature will be too high. Check the oil level and cleanliness of the oil in the rear axle, and add or replace it in a timely manner.
9. During the operation of the tractor, attention should be paid to whether there is any abnormal noise from the rear axle. Usually, when the main reduction bevel gear is worn too much and the bearing preload is too small, abnormal noise will occur, which is more obvious when the throttle is changed.
(5) Maintenance and upkeep of hydraulic suspension system
1. After 50 hours of operation of the hydraulic oil pump, pay attention to checking whether the oil pump cover is sealed and whether the fixing screws of the inlet and outlet connecting plates are loose.
2. When disassembling the hydraulic oil pump for inspection, the work site should be clean and free of dust. During the disassembly and assembly process, attention should be paid to the position of each shaft sleeve, and the installation direction of the guide wire should be paid more attention to.
3. If the flow rate of the hydraulic oil pump still decreases significantly after replacing all the sealing rings, which affects the lifting speed of the equipment, it should be sent for repair.
4. After working for 50 hours on the hydraulic oil distributor, check the looseness of the fixing screws on the upper and lower covers of the distributor.
5. When the hydraulic oil distributor malfunctions, the return valve should be cleaned and the oil hole channels should be checked for unobstructed flow.
6. Check if the return pressure of the hydraulic oil distributor is normal. If the distributor slide valve assembly is disassembled for inspection and reassembled, the automatic return pressure should be adjusted on specialized testing equipment to meet the requirements specified in the manual.
7. Check whether there is oil leakage or seepage in the hydraulic cylinder. If oil leakage is found, tighten the fastening nut or replace the cylinder seal ring in a timely manner.
8. When installing the hydraulic cylinder positioning valve, a certain gap should be maintained between its contact surface and the positioning clamp.
9. Before starting the tractor, check the height of the hydraulic oil tank. If it is insufficient, it should be added to keep it within the range of the dipstick.
10. After working for 300 hours, the hydraulic oil filter must be cleaned. Diesel fuel can be used to clean various filter screens, magnets, and other parts. After cleaning, use compressed air to blow them clean. When disassembling the filter screen, it is forbidden to rotate the spherical valve housing along the thread of the pipe, otherwise it may cause damage to the valve adjustment. After working for 1000 hours, the hydraulic oil should be replaced promptly.