Classification of rotary tillers

1. Horizontal axis type
It has strong soil breaking ability and is mostly used for cultivating shrub land, swamp land and grassland. The working parts (see picture) include a rotary tiller roller and a number of soil-cutting blades evenly arranged according to a multi-head spiral. They are driven by the tractor's power output shaft through a transmission device. The common speed is 190 to 280 rpm. The direction of rotation of the cutter roller is usually the same as the direction of rotation of the tractor wheels. The soil cutting blade cuts the soil layer from front to back, and throws the soil clods backward and upward onto the cover and carriage to further break them. When the knife roller cuts and throws soil, the reaction force of the soil on the knife roller helps to push the unit forward. Therefore, the horizontal rotary tiller requires very little traction during operation, and sometimes the knife roller can even push the unit forward.
Soil cutting blades can be divided into chisel knives, curved knives, right-angle knives and curved knives. The front end of the chisel-shaped knife is narrow, has better ability to penetrate into the soil, consumes less energy, but is easy to get entangled in weeds, and is mostly used in vegetable gardens and courtyards with few weeds. The curved edge of the machete has a sliding cutting effect and can easily cut grass roots without entangling the grass. It is suitable for paddy field farming. The right-angle knife has vertical and horizontal cutting edges, a wider blade, good rigidity, and is easy to manufacture, but has poor soil penetration performance. The curved knife has high strength, good rigidity and good sliding cutting effect, and is usually used on heavy-duty rotary tillers.
When matched with tractors below 15 kilowatts, direct connection is generally used without universal joint transmission; when matched with tractors above 15 kilowatts, three-point suspension and universal joint transmission are used; heavy-duty rotary tillers generally adopt traction type. The plowing depth is controlled and adjusted by the carriage or depth-limiting wheel. The carriage is located behind the knife roller, which also plays the role of soil crushing and leveling; the depth limiting wheel is located in front of the knife roller. The final transmission device of the cutter roller is configured in two ways: side transmission and central transmission. Side transmission is mostly used for offset rotary tillers with small cultivation areas. The central drive is used for rotary tillers with large tillage. The machine has good symmetry and the whole machine is evenly stressed. However, a zone under the transmission box cannot reach the soil-cutting blade, causing missed tillage. Another device is required to eliminate missed tillage. installation.
2. Vertical shaft type
The working part is a rotary cultivator equipped with 2 to 3 spiral cutters. During operation, the rotary cultivator rotates around the vertical axis, and the cutter chops the soil. It is suitable for hydroponics in rice fields. It has strong soil breaking and pulping effects, but its covering performance is poor. Used more in Japan.
In order to enhance the farming effect of rotary tillers, various additional devices are installed on rotary tillers in some countries. For example, a nail-tine rake can be attached to the back of the rotary cultivator to enhance the soil breaking effect, and a soil loosening shovel can be installed to deepen the tillage layer.
3. Inclined type
The rotary tillage working parts of the tilt-type rotary tiller are tilted in the horizontal plane. The rotation plane of the rotary tillage blade is at a certain angle with the forward direction of the machine - the oblique angle. When the rotary tillage blade cuts the soil, there is relative movement in the axial direction. The arrangement of single-row rotary tillage blades on the cutter shaft is related to the forward speed of the unit, the rotation speed of the cutter roller, and the width of the blade. There is a certain phase difference between two adjacent rotary blades on the same spiral line. The tilt-type rotary tiller does not plow again during operation and relieves soil constraints, thereby reducing power consumption and lowering resistance to farming.